# Tips and tricks # Linux # Kill zombie processes in Linux ##### Check zombie processes with the top command [![image.png](https://docs.achterkamp-it.consulting/uploads/images/gallery/2024-10/scaled-1680-/12u7bbuyyvmGRzP6-image.png)](https://docs.achterkamp-it.consulting/uploads/images/gallery/2024-10/12u7bbuyyvmGRzP6-image.png) ##### Check Linux distrubtion [![image.png](https://docs.achterkamp-it.consulting/uploads/images/gallery/2024-10/scaled-1680-/GKDznvufCdCjvRH1-image.png)](https://docs.achterkamp-it.consulting/uploads/images/gallery/2024-10/GKDznvufCdCjvRH1-image.png) ##### Linux command and output ``` Check amount of zombie processes with the top command (see second line below) top - 09:38:14 up 387 days, 18:32, 1 user, load average: 2.12, 2.38, 2.57 Tasks: 717 total, 2 running, 714 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie %Cpu(s): 19.6 us, 1.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 79.2 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st ######################################################## Find the zombie processes root@hetz-root ~ $ ps -A -ostat,pid,ppid | grep -e '[zZ]' Zs 3379981 2279581 root@hetz-root ~ $ ps -ef | grep 2279581 5050 2279581 2279435 0 Mar19 ? 00:46:55 /venv/bin/python3 /venv/bin/gunicorn --limit-request-line 8190 --timeout 86400 --bind [::]:80 -w 1 --threads 25 --access-logfile - -c gunicorn_config.py run_pgadmin:app 5050 3379981 2279581 0 Sep02 ? 00:00:00 [python3] --------------------------- root@hetz-root ~ $ ps -ef | grep 3379981 | grep -v grep 5050 3379981 2279581 0 Sep02 ? 00:00:00 [python3] ######################################################## Kill the zombie process root@hetz-root ~ $ kill -9 2279581 root@hetz-root ~ $ ps -ef | grep 3379981 | grep -v grep root@hetz-root ~ $ ps -A -ostat,pid,ppid | grep -e '[zZ]' ######################################################## Check for zombie processes again top - 09:47:10 up 387 days, 18:41, 1 user, load average: 2.64, 2.50, 2.52 Tasks: 712 total, 1 running, 711 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 10.8 us, 1.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 87.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st ``` Links: [https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/how-kill-zombie-processes-linux](https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/how-kill-zombie-processes-linux) [https://www.baeldung.com/linux/clean-zombie-process](https://www.baeldung.com/linux/clean-zombie-process) # Hetzner API # Hetzner API calls (CLI) ## Using the Hetzner Robot API from the Linux Command Line Hetzner’s **Robot API** lets you access server information programmatically, such as your server list, IPs, and status. While it’s easy to view this data in the web interface, calling the same API from the command line requires a small but important setup. This article shows how to authenticate correctly and get clean JSON output using `curl` and `jq`. --- ### 1. Robot API authentication (important!) The Hetzner **Robot API does not use your normal web login password**. Instead, you must create **separate API credentials**: 1. Log in to the Hetzner **Robot** interface 2. Go to **Settings → Webservice / API** 3. Create a **Webservice user** 4. Save the generated **username and password** (shown only once) These credentials are used for all API calls. --- ### 2. Calling the API with curl Once you have API credentials, you can query the server list: This returns a JSON array containing your servers and their metadata. --- ### 3. Removing curl’s progress output If you pipe the output to `jq`, you may see extra lines like transfer statistics. This is **curl’s progress meter**, not HTTP headers. To suppress it, use **silent mode**: Recommended for scripts (silent, but still shows errors): --- ### 4. Extracting specific fields with jq For example, to show only the server name and IP address: This produces clean, minimal JSON suitable for automation or monitoring. --- ### Conclusion - Use **Robot API credentials**, not your Hetzner web login - Add `-s` or `-sS` to remove curl’s progress output - Pipe responses into `jq` for clean parsing - Perfect for scripts, cron jobs, and infrastructure tooling That’s all you need to start working with the Hetzner Robot API from the command line **More documentation:** https://robot.hetzner.com/doc/webservice/en.html#server # mailserver poste mailserver (poste.io) # Fix error 500 issue when adding users on poste mailserver #### **Issue: HTTP 500 Error on User Creation (Poste.io v2.3.10)** --- ##### **The Problem** When attempting to create a new email account via the Poste.io administration panel, the system returned an **HTTP 500 Internal Server Error**. ##### **The Root Cause (verified)** The failure was a **database schema integrity violation** within the SQLite backend. Specifically: - **Database File:** `users.db` - **The Error:** `NOT NULL constraint failed: users.internalOnly` - **The Conflict:** The database schema for the `users` table required a value for the `internalOnly` column (set to `NOT NULL`). However, the web administration form in version 2.3.10 was not sending a value for this field during the `INSERT` operation. Because no default value was defined in the schema, the database rejected the transaction, crashing the PHP process. ##### **The Solution** The issue was resolved by manually altering the SQLite database schema to provide a default value for the problematic column. This allows the database to accept the form submission even when the `internalOnly` flag is missing. **Step-by-Step Resolution:** 1. **Located the correct database:** Identified `users.db` in the `/data` directory as the host of the `users` table. 2. **Modified the Schema:** Performed a table reconstruction to add a `DEFAULT` constraint: - Created a temporary table with the correct schema: `internalOnly BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0`. - Migrated all existing user data to the new structure. - Restored the original table name and all associated indexes (`IDX_1483A5E98DFE9A8`, `login`, `search`, etc.). 3. **Result:** The "Submit" action now succeeds because the database automatically populates the `internalOnly` field with `0` when the application fails to provide it. The screen will look like this after successfully adding the user [![image.png](https://docs.achterkamp-it.consulting/uploads/images/gallery/2026-05/scaled-1680-/ySzNWnP5ez33mFIM-image.png)](https://docs.achterkamp-it.consulting/uploads/images/gallery/2026-05/ySzNWnP5ez33mFIM-image.png) --- > **Note:** No service restart was required as SQLite handles schema changes dynamically for new connections > > [Version **2.3.10 FREE # 1984**](https://poste.io/changelog) > > [Latest available version **2.5.12**](https://poste.io/changelog)